測試對象：巖石、土壤、沉積物、海水、地下水

測試周期：45-90個工作日，可提供樣品測試加急服務(wù)。

送樣要求：

完成標準：前處理在超凈室100級超凈臺內(nèi)進行，保證監(jiān)測空白及樣品無污染，標樣和重復樣在允許誤差范圍內(nèi)。
標樣數(shù)據(jù)：

方法描述：
10.1全巖Sr同位素比值分析
全巖Sr同位素前處理和測試由武漢上譜分析科技有限責任公司完成。
前處理流程：
前處理在配備100級操作臺的千級超凈室完成。樣品消解：（1）將200目樣品置于105℃烘箱中烘干12小時；（2）準確稱取粉末樣品50-200mg置于Teflon溶樣彈中；（3）依次緩慢加入1-3ml高純HNO₃和1-3ml高純HF；（4）將Teflon溶樣彈放入鋼套，擰緊后置于190℃烘箱中加熱24小時以上；（5）待溶樣彈冷卻，開蓋后置于140℃電熱板上蒸干，然后加入1ml HNO₃ 并再次蒸干；（6）用1.5ml的HCl（2.5M）溶解蒸干樣品，待上柱分離?；瘜W分離：用離心機將樣品離心后，取上清液上柱。柱子填充AG50W樹脂。用2.5M HCl淋洗去除基體元素。最終用2.5M HCl將Sr從柱上洗脫并收集。收集的Sr溶液蒸干后等待上機測試。樹脂殘留物質(zhì)通過4.0M HCl淋洗可獲得REE溶液。接收的REE溶液蒸干后以0.18M HCl提取，用于Nd同位素分離。
一次分離獲得的溶液首先轉(zhuǎn)換為3M HNO₃介質(zhì)，然后樣品上柱。柱子填充Sr樹脂。采用3M HNO₃淋洗去除干擾元素。最終用MQ H₂O將Sr從柱上洗脫并收集。收集的Sr溶液蒸干后等待上機測試。
儀器測試流程：
Sr同位素分析采用德國Thermo Fisher Scientific 公司的MC-ICP-MS（Neptune Plus）。儀器配備9個法拉第杯接收器。⁸³Kr⁺、¹⁶⁷Er⁺⁺、⁸⁴Sr⁺、⁸⁵Rb⁺、⁸⁶Sr⁺、¹⁷³Yb⁺⁺、⁸⁷Sr⁺、⁸⁸Sr⁺同時被L4、L3、L2、L1、C、H1、H2、H3等8個接收器接收。其中⁸³Kr⁺、⁸⁵Rb⁺、¹⁶⁷Er⁺⁺、¹⁷³Yb⁺⁺被用于監(jiān)控并校正Kr、Rb、Er和Yb對Sr同位素的同質(zhì)異位素干擾。MC-ICP-MS采用了H+S錐組合和干泵以提高儀器靈敏度。根據(jù)樣品中的Sr含量，50 µl/min-100 µl/min兩種微量霧化器被選擇使用。Alfa公司的Sr單元素溶液被用于優(yōu)化儀器操作參數(shù)。Sr國際標準溶液（NIST 987，200 µg/L）的⁸⁸Sr信號一般高于7V。數(shù)據(jù)采集由8個blocks組成，每個block含10個cycles，每個cycle為4.194秒。
Sr同位素的儀器質(zhì)量分餾采用內(nèi)標指數(shù)法則校正（Russell et al. 1978）：

公式中i和j指示同位素質(zhì)量數(shù)，R_m和R_T分別代表樣品的測試比值和參考值（推薦值），f指儀器質(zhì)量分餾因子。⁸⁸Sr/⁸⁶Sr被用于計算Sr的質(zhì)量分餾因子（8.375209，Lin et al. 2016）。由于前期有效的樣品分離富集處理，干擾元素Ca、Rb、Er、Yb被分離干凈。殘余的⁸³Kr⁺、⁸⁵Rb⁺、¹⁶⁷Er⁺⁺、¹⁷³Yb⁺⁺等干擾校正采用Lin et al.（2016）校正方法實驗流程采用兩個Sr同位素標樣（NIST 987和AlfaSr）之間插入7個樣品進行分析。全部分析數(shù)據(jù)采用專業(yè)同位素數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件“Iso-Compass”進行數(shù)據(jù)處理（Zhang et al., 2020）。NIST 987的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr分析測試值為0.710242±14（2SD, n=345），與推薦值0.710248±12（Zhang and Hu, 2020）在誤差范圍內(nèi)一致，表明本儀器的穩(wěn)定性和校正策略的可靠性滿足高精度的Sr同位素分析。
BCR-2（玄武巖）和RGM-2（流紋巖）（USGS）被選擇作為流程監(jiān)控標樣。兩個樣品分別代表了基性巖和酸性巖，具有顯著的物理化學差異。RGM-2的具有較高的Rb含量（149 µg/g）和適中的Sr含量（108 µg/g）,可以有效監(jiān)控Rb的分離過程和測試結(jié)果。BCR-2的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr分析測試值為0.705012±22 （2SD, n=63），與推薦值0.705012±20（Zhang and Hu, 2020）在誤差范圍內(nèi)一致。RGM-2的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr分析測試值為0.704173±20 （2SD, n=20），與推薦值0.704184±10（Li et al. 2012）在誤差范圍內(nèi)一致。數(shù)據(jù)表明，本實驗流程可以對樣品進行有效分離，分析準確度和精密度滿足高精度的Sr同位素分析。
本測試方法適用Sr含量>20ppm的巖石樣品，保證實際樣品測試內(nèi)精度（2SE）=0.000010-0.000020（0.01‰~0.03‰，2RSE），準確度優(yōu)于0.000020（~0.03‰）。Sr含量低于20ppm的巖石樣品，內(nèi)精度和準確度會受到影響，影響程度受樣品Sr含量控制。低Sr樣品分析請事先咨詢技術(shù)人員，確保樣品分析質(zhì)量。
10.2. Scheme for Sr isotope ratio analyses using MC-ICP-MS
All chemical preparations were performed on class 100 work benches within a class 1000 over-pressured clean laboratory. Sample digestion: (1) Sample powder (200 mesh) were placed in an oven at 105 ℃ for drying of 12 hours; (2) 50-200 mg sample powder was accurately weighed and placed in an Teflon bomb; (3) 1-3 ml HNO₃ ａnd 1-3 ml HF were added into the Teflon bomb; (4) Teflon bomb was putted in a stainless steel pressure jacket and heated to 190 ℃ in an oven for >24 hours; (5) After cooling, the Teflon bomb was opened and placed on a hotplate at 140 ℃ and evaporated to incipient dryness, and then 1 ml HNO₃ was added and evaporated to dryness again; (6) The sample was dissolved in 1.5 mL of 2.5 M HCl. Column chemistry: After centrifugation, the supernatant solution was loaded into an ion-exchange column packed with AG50W resin. After complete draining of the sample solution, columns were rinsed with 2.5 M HCl to remove undesirable matrix elements. Finally, the Sr fraction was eluted using 2.5 M HCl and gently evaporated to dryness prior to mass-spectrometric measurement. The residue was rinsed with 10 mL of 4.0 M HCl and then the REE fraction was eluted using 10 ml of 4.0 M HCl. The REE solution was used to separate the Nd fraction by the Nd-column method.
The Sr fraction was separated again by the Sr-specific resin. The solution was first converted to the HNO₃ media (3 M HNO₃). Then the solution was loaded into the Sr-specific resin and pre-conditioned with 6 M HCl and 3 M HNO₃. After complete draining of the sample solution, columns were rinsed with 3 M HNO₃ to remove undesirable matrix elements. Finally, Sr was eluted using MQ H₂O and gently evaporated to dryness prior to mass-spectrometric measurement.
Sr isotope analyses were performed on a Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany) at the Wuhan Sample Solution Analytical Technology Co., Ltd, Hubei, China. The Neptune Plus, a double focusing MC-ICP- MS, was equipped with seven fixed electron multiplier ICs, and nine Faraday cups fitted with 10¹¹ Ω resistors. The faraday collector configuration of the mass system was composed of an array from L4 to H3 to monitor ⁸³Kr⁺、¹⁶⁷Er⁺⁺、⁸⁴Sr⁺、⁸⁵Rb⁺、⁸⁶Sr⁺、¹⁷³Yb⁺⁺、⁸⁷Sr⁺、⁸⁸Sr⁺. The large dry interface pump (120 m³ hr^-1 pumping speed) and newly designed H skimmer cone and  the standard sample cone were used to increase the instrumental sensitivity. Sr single element solution from Alfa (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany) was used to optimize instrument operating parameters. An aliquot of the international standard solution of 200 μg L⁻¹ NIST SRM 987 was used regularly for uating the reproducibility and accuracy of the instrument. Typically, the signal intensities of ⁸⁸Sr in NIST 987 were > ~7.0 V. The Sr isotopic data were acquired in the static mode at low resolution. The routine data acquisition consisted of ten blocks of 10 cycles (4.194 s integration time per cycle). The total time of one measurement lasted about 7 minutes.
The exponential law, which initially was developed for TIMS measurement (Russell et al. 1978) ａnd remains the most widely accepted and utilized with MC-ICP-MS, was used to assess the instrumental mass discrimination in this study. Mass discrimination correction was carried out via internal normalization to a ⁸⁸Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 8.375209 (Lin et al. 2016). The interference elements Ca, Rb, Er, Yb have been completely separated by the exchange resin process. The remaining interferences of ⁸³Kr⁺、⁸⁵Rb⁺、¹⁶⁷Er⁺⁺、¹⁷³Yb⁺⁺ were corrected based on the mothed described by Lin et al. (2016). One international NIST 987 standard was measured every seven samples analyzed. All data reduction for the MC-ICP-MS analysis of Sr isotope ratios was conducted using “Iso-Compass” software (Zhang et al. 2020). Analyses of the NIST 987 standard solution yielded ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.710242±14（2SD, n=345）, which is identical within error to their published values 0.710248±12（Zhang and Hu, 2020）). In addition, the USGS reference materials BCR-2 (basalt) and RGM-2 (rhyolite) yielded results of 0.705012±22 （2SD, n=63） and 0.704173±20 （2SD, n=20） for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, respectively, which is identical within error to their published values (Zhang and Hu, 2020； Li et al. 2012).
References
Li, C. F., Li, X. H., Li, Q. L., Guo, J. H., Yang, Y. H. (2012). Rapid and precise determination of sr and nd isotopic ratios in geological samples from the same filament loading by thermal ionization mass spectrometry employing a single-step separation scheme. Analytica Chimica Acta, 727 (10), 54–60. 
Lin J., Liu Y.S., Yang Y.H., Hu Z.C. (2016). Calibration and correction of LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses for element contents and isotopic ratios. Solid Earth Sciences, 1, 5–27.
Russell, W.A., Papanastassiou, D.A., Tombrello, T.A., (1978). Ca isotope fractionation on the earth and other solar system materials. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42 (8), 1075–1090.
Zhang W., Hu Z.C. (2020). Estimation of isotopic reference values for pure materials and geological reference materials. At. Spectrosc. 2020, 41 (3), 93–102.
Zhang W., Hu Z.C., Liu Y.S. (2020). Iso-Compass: new freeware software for isotopic data reduction of LA-MC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2020, 35, 1087–1096.